PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.